Erdoğan's 'quiet jihad'
By Nadav Shragai
Israel Hayom
January 6, 2020
Palestinian Authority officials are calling the gift the Turkish government gave them a few years ago "the treasure." The trove contains 140,000 pages of carefully arranged microfilm that could have a dramatic effect on Israel's ability to hold onto a number of assets – land and structures – throughout Israel, in the West Bank, and east Jerusalem.
The "treasure" is actually a copy of the Ottoman Archive and includes thousands of documents of land registration under the Ottoman Empire, which ruled what is now Israel from 1517-1917. The Palestinians see these documents as a game-changer in their battle with Israel over land. They have already used the archive to challenge Israeli ownership of land and real estate in various parts of the country.
The first complete copy of the valuable archive was placed in the building of the PA consulate in Ankara for fear that the Israelis would get their hands on it. In March of last year, a formal celebration marked the transfer of part of the archive to Bethlehem. The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center documented the event, as well as the transfer of the archive in its entirety. But for some reason – even though the Palestinians now have a tool that could shake up the Israeli real estate market – the story has stayed under the radar.
To illustrate the possible ramifications of the Turkish move, we could compare it to a better-known incident in which the Greek Orthodox Church refused to extend leases on its extensive land holdings in Jerusalem. As a result, thousands of Jewish families in the capital are now living under the threat of being evicted from their homes.
A key figure at the ceremony in Bethlehem was Yousef Adais, minister of religious endowments in the PA, who was given the files that have to do with the Waqf's properties in Bethlehem and Jerusalem. At the event, the Palestinians talked about the Israeli government's so-called "attempts to falsify" history, and now, lawyers in east Jerusalem regularly consult the Ottoman Archive to determine property and land ownership. The documents help them in the legal battles they are waging over the ownership of land, especially in east Jerusalem.
One obvious example are the properties and plots in the Old City of Jerusalem that Jews and Arabs are battling over. The most famous is the Western Wall plaza, where the Mughrabi neighborhood used to stand. Israel evacuated and demolished it to lay down the broad plaza. That was land that Israel confiscated, but at least in terms of propaganda, brandishing the deeds to it could be a big embarrassment for Israel.
Saeed al-Haj, a Palestinian researcher and expert on the Turkish matter, reported back in 2015 on a giant project carried out by an organization called the "Turkish-Palestinian Forum." As part of the project, hundreds of thousands of document from the Ottoman Archive are being transferred so that Palestinians can pick and choose those that are relevant to the Palestinian issue. Al-Haj thinks that this will give the Palestinians ground to file hundreds of lawsuits against Israel, here and abroad.
Working with the mufti
The PA isn't losing any time. Judge Musa Shakarna, chairman of the Palestinian Land Authority, is already registering land in the tabu for Judea and Samaria as well as Jerusalem, with help from Turkey and its archive. In an interview to the Wafa news agency, Shakarna made it clear that the process has started and no one can stop it. He defined the move as strategic and explained that by registering the lands of Palestinians who live outside the country, he is implementing their right of return. Shakarna assesses that by 2023, all of the land in the West Bank will be legally registered. PA President Mahmoud Abbas is involved, as is Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and the people from TIKA, a Turkish development NGO. TIKA is active across the globe in the name of the Turkish government, including in the West Bank, Gaza, and Jerusalem, where it invests some $1.3 million annually.
Erdoğan, it turns out, does not limit himself to ideology. The president of Turkey, who sees himself as the patron of the Muslim Brotherhood and a knife of the Ottoman Caliphate that will one day return to Jerusalem, has decided to take action to implement his vision of restoring Islam's glory throughout "Palestine" as a whole and Jerusalem in particular. The story of the archive is the crowning achievement of his recent moves, but he is also promoting a Turkish national awakening in the capital through cultural events, Turkish flags, and especially dawa – known as the "quiet jihad." Dawa is by definition activity that focuses on charity, education, and social assistance in an attempt to bring people closer to Islam. In Israel, dozens of dawa groups are active and receive funding from Turkey. They help the Arab population with religious, cultural, community, and social matters, thus strengthening Turkey's influence in Israel, with special emphasis on Jerusalem.
We reported on the activity of some of these groups about two and a half years ago. Most are still busy, and more have popped up. One central organization is the "Turkish Cultural Center," which focuses on developing and spreading the Ottoman legacy and the dream of reviving the empire in the areas it ruled until 1917.
Only a few weeks ago, the center signed an agreement to cooperate with the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf. The center provides encouragement and assistance in funding Turkish language programs in east Jerusalem schools and in universities such as Bir Zeit and Al Quds. At the signing ceremony, the Waqf was represented by Sheikh Ekrima Sa'id Sabri, the former mufti of Jerusalem.
A few years ago, Sabri rolled out a campaign to rebuild terrorists' homes that Israel has demolished and even called suicide bombings "legitimate." He is identified with Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood, as well as the Islamic Movement in Israel. Sabri is a close associate of both Sheikh Raed Salah, head of the outlawed Northern Branch of the Islamic Movement, and Erdoğan. Two years ago, Erdoğan conferred on him the "Defender of Jerusalem" medal.
The Turkish Culture Center is located on Al Zahara Street in Jerusalem but deals with matters beyond culture. Last year, the center was a partner in a conference that featured calls rejecting Jewish ties to Jerusalem, and on the Palestinians' independence day it celebrated the "29th year since the declaration of a Palestinian state."
Who remembers the governor's house?
Until not long ago, Israeli-Turkish cultural relations were different. It was none other than right-wing politician Rehavam Zeevi who initiated a program to rebuild the Saraya in Jaffa, the former home of the Turkish governor. It was a different time; Erdoğan hadn't been elected, and Zeevi was working with the Turks. Even after Zeevi was murdered in 2001, the Turks and the Israeli Tourism Ministry, along with the Tel Aviv-Jaffa Municipality, continued to promote the project and invested millions of shekels in it. The historic structure, which was bombed by the Lehi in 1948 and stood derelict until 2002, was refurbished.
Architect Eyal Ziv cooperated fully with the Turkish architect. He recalls that the Turks were responsible for rebuilding the interior of the governor's house, and says the project was "free from religious or national zealotry. We focused on preserving the building culture, within the framework of a larger plan to rebuild Old Jaffa, but Operation Cast Lead in December 2008 threw a wrench in the works."
Ziv says that the building's rededication had been planned down to the smallest detail: "The furniture that was brought in was a copy of the furniture in the Topkapi Palace, the seat of the sultans in Istanbul. Erdoğan, who had just been elected prime minister, was supposed to come to Israel and Shimon Peres, as president, was to welcome him. But then came the Mavi Marmara incident. Erdoğan became more extremist and relations with Turkey deteriorated. In effect, the plan was frozen. Today, the Turkish Embassy is renting the building, and it's usually closed," he says.
Now everything has changed. The owners of souvenir shops in the Old City sell keychains with pendants that show the Western Wall on one side, and the Turkish flag on the other. In the past two years, the Turks have funded not only a replacement for the gold crescent that tops the Dome of the Rock, but also the reconstruction of other Islamic monuments like the Dome of the Chain in the center of the Temple Mount and parts of the eastern wall of the Old City.
The Turks' position on the Temple Mount is clear. It fits in well with the blood libel "Al-Aqsa is in danger" that is repeatedly used against Israel. A new computer game, "Guardians of Al-Aqsa" – which is aimed at young children – places a "guard" in the center whose job it is to "save Al-Aqsa from the Zionists" and "fight the Judaization of Jerusalem." Players look for the "lost treasure." On the way, they are asked to answer questions about Al-Aqsa's past and present and the winner is called the "liberator of Jerusalem."
The game was invented by the organization Burj al-Laklak, which is supported by the Turkish group "Reading Time." Another NGO, Al Bustan, sent delegations of student athletes from Jerusalem to competitions in Turkey last August. The mayor of the host city, Kayseri, spoke to them, and the students had their pictures taken with Palestinian and Turkish flags.
'You poisoned me'
While the Turks' main focus is Jerusalem, they are active throughout the country and their interest in Jaffa and other Arab population centers goes beyond considerations of tourism or culture. According to Mehmet Damarg, the head of the Turkish organization "Our Legacy," the group allocated funds to rebuild the Hassen Bek and Sea (Al-Bahr) mosques in Jaffa, as well as the Al Jarina Mosque in Haifa.
"We can say that 'Our Legacy' created an important historic change to the Turkish worldview and their interaction with the issue of Palestine," Damarg explained in one of his many online interviews. "Today, thanks be to God, 'Our Legacy' has links to our Arab and Muslim peoples in many countries."
Our Legacy, which is headquartered in Istanbul, was in contact with Raed Salah. One of its main sources of funding is TIKA, and its goals include "protecting Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Ottoman legacy in Jerusalem."
There are other Turkish organizations that maintain contact with Sabri, who recently led the Waqf's campaign to take control of the area in front of the Gate of Mercy, and Archbishop of Sebastia Atallah Hanna, who accused Israel of poisoning him. Only a few weeks ago, Hanna took part in a conference in Turkey titled "Apartheid in Israel." Hanna has a long history of anti-Israeli stances. He has visited the homes of suicide bombers, and even met with Syrian President Bashar Assad.
Other Turkish targets include the mixed Jewish-Arab cities of Acre, Ramla, and Lod. In Acre, the Turks have tried to plant their flag, but without success. In Ramla, they are trying to buy influence in the White Mosque. In Lod, the Great Mosque (Al-Omari Mosque) was allocated 620,000 shekels ($180,000) for renovations from the NGO "Hand in Hand." Israel Hayom reporter Akiva Bigman has reported on the organization's activity on the website Mida. "Hand in Hand" was established in Ankara in 2012 to "make things easier for the residents of the territory Israel occupied in 1948."
Since then, Hand in Hand has busied itself rebuilding mosques and Muslim cemeteries that were damaged in the "catastrophe of 1948" and places that have "been transferred to Israel's filthy hands." The group has paid the salaries of dozens of imams throughout Israel, funded Quran study, funded student groups at Israeli universities, and even helped facilitate Muslim visits to Al-Aqsa. In the past few years, Hand in Hand has turned its attention to the Negev and fostered ties with the Bedouin population. It worked with the Islamic Movement and helped outfit illegal Bedouin villages with water and solar energy, all while inculcating the narrative of the "Nakba" among Israeli Arabs. Recently, representatives of Hand in Hand took part in an event in Turkey alongside activists from IHH, which Israel has declared a terrorist organization.
Turkish organizations and money are filtering through Israel, but particularly Jerusalem, where a total of 130 buildings have been restored thus far thanks to Turkish money. According to Israeli security officials, some 4,300 homes and 70 mosques in east Jerusalem have been marked for renovations to be funded by Turkish NGOs. A few members of the Southern Branch of the Islamic Movement have their fingers in the pie and recommend community and religious projects they believe worth of Turkish funding, and Turkey listens to what they have to say.
Israel, which is taking out Hamas cells that were handled from Turkey, is finding it hard to handle the Turkish civil activity, which should be an easier task. In only one case has the government outlawed one of these organizations after it managed to prove that it had links to Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood. According to the security establishment, the group functioned as a conduit for projects Hamas was executing in Jerusalem.
In another case, the National Security Council recommending putting limits on the activity of a large Turkish organization. In another instance, the Jerusalem Municipality approved a request for a building permit for a sports center for the charity organization Women of Zur Baher, which is linked to Hamas and has received money from Turkey.
'Embracing Jerusalem'
Maor Tzemach, head of the group Lach, Yerushalayim ["For you, Jerusalem"], which has been tracking Turkish activity in Jerusalem for years, claims that the extensive Turkish activity harms Israeli sovereignty in Jerusalem, and that it is time for Israel to draw clear boundaries for Turkish involvement in the city and the rest of the country. Tzemach and his organization continually supply Israeli authorities with relevant information, but don't think Israel has taken any significant action to stop it.
Tzemach's group has spent the last few months documenting anti-Israel and anti-Semitic conferences in Turkey that functioned as platforms for meetings between people from Hamas, the Jerusalem Waqf, heads of Turkish organizations active in Israel, and Erdoğan himself.
"It should have set off warning lights for the policymakers in Israel a long time ago," Tzemach says.
Asa Ofir, an analyst on Turkey and a doctoral candidate in the Department of Middle Eastern Studies at Bar-Ilan University, has been plowing through Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter and documenting some of the Jerusalem-themed conferences taking place in Turkey. Three examples of the many available include a conference titled "Embracing Jerusalem," which was held in the town of Tekirdağ; "Time for Jerusalem," a play that was put on with sponsorship from Erdoğan's office; and a special panel marking 50 years since the "occupation" of Jerusalem that was organized by the city of Esenler.
"If we lose Jerusalem, we lose Mecca," Erdoğan recently declared. He is continuing his efforts to not only avoid losing Jerusalem, but also to conquer it.
No comments:
Post a Comment